- 张原;
The Chinese approach to poverty reduction is a government-led and marketbased approach that gives priority to infrastructure and combines fiscal subsidy with development as an antidote to poverty. These characteristics are also evident in China's cooperation with other developing countries on poverty reduction. China supports other developing countries to reduce poverty via aid and investment mainly in the field of infrastructure. While the government and SOEs take the lead in foreign aid and investment, China also invites other sources of capital to participate in market-based development in partnership with recipient countries. Our empirical research finds that aid and investment from China are generally conducive to reducing poverty incidence in recipient developing countries, but their poverty reduction effects vary across different types of aid and investment. The elements characteristic of the Chinese approach to poverty reduction proved to be effective in helping other developing countries reduce poverty as well. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of aid and investment in reducing poverty is subject to the governance and market efficiency of recipient countries. In order for the Chinese experience to work in less developed countries, future cooperation on poverty reduction must put a premium on governance and market systems.
2020年02期 v.15 2-18页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 449K] - 李晓华;
This paper identifies the international industrial capacity cooperation led by the Chinese government and participated by Chinese companies under the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) as "inclusive industrial capacity cooperation with a capacity-building orientation." BRI cooperation demonstrates brand-new characteristics compared with previous international direct investments in terms of participants, investment areas and results. BRI cooperation aims to enhance local development capacity, promote economic development, increase exports, and improve industrial ecosystems. In the long run, international industrial capacity cooperation under the BRI helps achieve sustainable development in China and BRI countries for multi-win results. Yet risks and challenges also warrant attention and require countermeasures.
2020年02期 v.15 20-29页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 328K] - 李春顶;陆菁;何传添;
Trade liberalization requires institutional coordination and openness, and is driven by a multitude of factors. This paper simulates endogenous optimal tariffs under different model structures to uncover the underlying drivers of trade liberalization. Parametric calibration and simulation methods based on the numeric general equilibrium model are employed to estimate the optimal tariff rates of countries with and without trade retaliation. Then, near-reality assumptions are added into the standard general equilibrium model structure, including the cross-border capital flow, multi-country assumption and trade cost, to simulate decreasing optimal tariff rates. The simulation results suggest that world economic development has increased the economic ties and interdependence among nations, making trade liberalization an endogenous optimal choice. The backlash against globalization in recent years is motivated by short-term factors, but will not persist in the long run since it goes against the law of economic growth and socio-economic development.
2020年02期 v.15 30-40页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 324K] - 李黎明;刘海波;张亚峰;
The paper presents a new analytical framework to discuss the effect of Chinese foreign investment policy on the international technology transfer absorbed by enterprises of different ownership. The US Trade Representative claims that the Chinese government's requirements regarding joint ventures pressure US companies to transfer intellectual property to Chinese companies. However, we argue that:(1) Based on analysis of the technical fees of technology import contracts and the number of US patents transferred to enterprises registered in the Chinese mainland, China's foreign investment policy does not pressure US companies to transfer unremunerated technology to Chinese companies.(2) The invention and utility model patents filed by Chinese joint-venture enterprises or Chinese partner companies do not show an abnormally rapid growth, which means China's FDI policy does not force US companies to transfer intellectual property in exchange for China's market.(3) After 2012, the US-China technology transfer absorbed by enterprises of different ownership showed a significantly positive effect in reducing China-US trade surplus.
2020年02期 v.15 42-63页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 415K] - 谢国娥;李雪平;
In recent years, while the traditional trade sectors have been shrinking, China's cross-border e-commerce has undergone rapid development and has become a new driver of its international trade. Based on analysis of the evolution pattern of China's cross-border e-commerce, this paper uses a revised gravity model to test empirically the driving factors and the resistance factors in the development of the country's cross-border e-commerce. The results show that the total GDP, per capita disposable income of urban residents, total imports and exports, and the scale of the online shopping market have a positive relationship with cross-border e-commerce transactions, which are conducive to the development of cross-border e-commerce, while logistics costs inhibit the development of cross-border e-commerce. Accordingly, the paper puts forward several policy recommendations.
2020年02期 v.15 64-76页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 440K] - 杨紫薇;邢春冰;
With the national population census data and sample survey data of 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, this paper examines the evolving relationship between education and unemployment, and carries out an empirical analysis on how such correlation affects the expected return on education. Our findings suggest that education can significantly reduce the risk of unemployment, but this effect varied over time during 1990-2015. Education's effect in reducing unemployment significantly increased from 1990 to 2000, but diminished from 2005 to 2015, particularly for the young group. This paper arrives at the ex post return on education estimated with 1995, 2002, 2007 and 2013 data of the Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP) and calculates the expected return on education based on such data. Results indicate that from 1995 to 2007, the expected return on education kept on the rise until it peaked in 2007. For the young group aged 22-29, the expected return on education started to decline after 2002. This result is of great significance to unravelling return on education during China's transition period and households' decisions to invest in education.
2020年02期 v.15 77-91页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 490K] - 侯海波;吴要武;宋映泉;
From 2001 to 2012, many local governments in China closed down village teaching sites for primary school students in the first and second grades, consolidating them into larger township schools more distant from village students' homes. School closure and consolidation are particularly striking in China's central and western regions, where swathes of rural labor migrated to cities for jobs. As a result, numerous primary school pupils are forced to study at boarding schools in the first and second grades, which is considered as too early for pupils to live without parental care. This paper employs survey data from 137 township schools with boarding qualifications collected by a project team consisting of researchers from the China Institute for Educational Finance Research(CIEFR) of Peking University, the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(IPLE-CASS) and the Capital University of Economics and Business(CUEB). By matching the home-school distance with village teaching site information as the proxy variable for the school consolidation policy, this paper evaluates the policy's impact on the likelyhood of premature boarding for primary school pupils, as well as the impact on their human capital accumulation. Our study finds that the creation of teaching sites makes it less likely for primary school pupils to board at school. Premature boarding impedes children's human capital accumulation, and the harmful effect is particularly striking for children lacking pastoral teachers, raised by grandparents and from families above average income levels, as well as girls.
2020年02期 v.15 92-108页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 460K] - 刘守英;熊雪锋;龙婷玉;
Constant divisions of rural land rights and contract renegotiations are the hallmark of China's collective ownership system. Rural land ownership, property and operation systems in China have experienced four stages of evolution:(i) The People's Communes, which served administrative and economic functions, exercised integrated collective land ownership, property, and operation rights.(ii) Under the system of "threetier ownership with production teams as basic accounting units," production teams exercised the ownership right over land plots with greater autonomy and were responsible for organizing farm work.(iii) The household contract system has entitled farmers to claim surplus products and turned farm households into the basic unit of agricultural production. Subsequently, the reform of collective ownership has further enhanced farmers' contract rights and separated their operation rights from contract rights. The separation of rural land ownership, contract and operation rights marks a top-down design of the structure of China's rural land rights after the collective ownership system and the reform of household contract system. By recognizing separate contract and operation rights without changing collective ownership, the separation aims to protect rural land contract and operation rights in accordance with the law. As in the four case studies, Chongzhou, Songjiang, Meitan and Liupanshui have experienced a restructuring of collective ownership, contract and operation rights. Their experience foretells complexities in the future evolution of rural land rights in China.
2020年02期 v.15 109-120页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 306K] -
<正>《中国工业经济》,原名《中国工业经济学报》,1984年由著名经济学家蒋—苇创办。现为中国社会科学院主管、中国社会科学院工业经济研究所主办,是全国产业经济、企业管理领域的权威学术期刊。本刊大16开本,160页整,整个设计简洁、大气、厚重。创刊以来,《中国工业经济》本着"理论顶天,实践立地"的理念刊发论文,选题具有前瞻性,内容具有原创性,论证具有严谨性,结论具有实用性,其最大特色是:①思想和方法融为一体。本刊坚决抵制"过程非常复杂结论非常简单"、"把简单问题复杂化"的不良文风,坚持"思想为主,工具为辅"的学
2020年02期 v.15 125页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 565K] 下载本期数据